Summer Olympics of 2012
MASCOTS
London was the first city to officially host the Olympic Games of the Modern Era by three times - in 1908 were the previous e1948.Application ProcedureThe candidate cities had until July 15, 2003 to submit their nominations. The cities were Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, Madrid, Moscow, New York, Paris and Rio de Janeiro.On May 18, 2004, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), reduced the number of candidates to five cities that have evolved to candidates: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris.On 19 November 2004, the IOC received books and application of the five candidates sent an assessment team that visited the five candidate cities during February and March 2005. The candidacy of Paris took two warnings during the visit: a series of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visit and there was an open investigation on Guy Drut, one of the leading members of the Parisian team and IOC member, who was accused of receiving bribery.On June 6, 2005, the IOC released the final report of the five candidate cities. Although these reports did not contain any score or ranking, the report was considered the best in Paris, followed by London, whose score had decreased, compared to the first evaluation in 2004. Two other candidates New York and Madrid also had a very positive assessment in their reports.The five cities were visited by the IOC delegates, who rated items such as safety, health, transportation, hotel services and infrastructure.The Organizing Committee of the London Olympic Games (LOCOG), was created to oversee and organize the Games after the success of the bid, and held its first meeting October 7 of 2005. The committee, chaired by Sebastian Coe, is in charge of the execution and completion of the games, while the Olympic Development Authority of Greater London (ODA) is in charge of building the venues and infrastructure.The Olympic Executive Secretary (GOE), a unit in the center of the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, is the body that coordinates the London Olympics 2012. The agency is responsible for continuing to minister to the Organization of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London, Tessa Jowell. The other organ function is the supervision legacy that will benefit London and Britain.
FINANCING
The costs of mounting the Games are separate from the cost of building the necessary infrastructure, and the landfill for the Olympic Park. While the Games will have a majority of private investment, the park and its facilities are public investments.On 15 March 2007, Tessa Jowell announced in the House of Commons a budget of 5.3 billion (5.3 billion) pounds for stadium construction and infrastructure needed for the Games, while announced the reform of urban Lower Lea Valley, a budget of 1.7 billion (1.7 billion) pounds.Besides all this, were announced various other costs including an overall additional contingency fund of 2.7 billion (2.7 billion) pounds. For questions regarding Games security costs are expected at 600 million, 800 million pounds (for participants) and the Paralympic funding of about 400 million. According to these figures, the total for the Games and regeneration of east London, is 9347 billion (9,345,000 million) pounds (about 15 billion or billion). Mayor Ken Livingstone pledged the Games Organising Committee that the city will also contribute to the Games.The costs for staging the Games (2 billion or 2 billion pounds) are being funded from the private sector through a sum of sponsorship, merchandising, ticket sales and media rights. This budget is raised and managed by the Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London 2012 (LOCOG). According to LOCOG, the funding is divided thusly:-> 64% from central government-> 23% of National Lottery-> 13% from the Mayor of London and the London Development AgencyIn November 2007, Edward Leigh MP, criticized the organizers for significantly underestimate the cost of staging the Games, suggesting that they had "acted in bad faith or were incompetent".On December 10, 2007, confirmed the previously announced budget. In June 2007, the Ministerial Task Force which was created to manage the effects for the Olympic Development Authority of Greater London - created to manage the costs and manage the available funds of the Games - got together and made the first estimated budget of the Games, that would be left over 360 million pounds and that it required a reserve of 500 million would be needed if spending more. On 26 November 2007, the founders of the Ministerial Task ended up approving the initial budget proposed by the Olympic Authority. The total cost of the budget is 6.9 billion (6.9 billion) pounds, including what is raised from taxes and excluding general program reserve, which was announced in March. This includes a donation to the ODA of the remaining 140 million from the first reserve of 500 million, announced in March.In February 2008, in London, Commission for Culture and Sport, gave a report to the committee explaining its concerns about the financing of the Games, the withdrawal of money from the London sports and arts events. There have also been complaints that funding towards the Olympics has caused a neglect of other areas of the UK. In Wales, there has been criticism from Plaid Cymru, arguing that sports Wales were ignored because of the Olympics in London, England.
Partners
To help fund the cost of the London Olympics, organizers agreed with major companies. "Tier One" partners already announced include Lloyds TSB, EDF Energy, BT, British Airways, BP, Nortel, Adidas and a partnership with Youtube.
Tickets
In the UK, ticket prices ranged from £ 20 for many events and § 2012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. They were given free tickets to military personnel as well as the survivors and families who died in the attacks of July 7, 2005 in London. Initially, people could apply for tickets through a website between 15 March and 26 April 2011. There was a great demand for tickets, with demand three times higher than tickets available. The process was widely criticized and over 50% of the sessions were to draw, and more than half of those who applied, did not get tickets. The May 11, 2012, a patrol of about a million tickets for "second chance" were for sale in a period between 23 June and 3 July 2011. Some 1.7 million tickets were available for football and 600,000 for other sports (such as archery, hockey, football, judo, boxing and volleyball). Despite the technical difficulties, ten sports tickets had sold out on the first day.
Some representatives of Muslim countries complained about the Games happen during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, Ramadan alongside. The members of this religion practiced throughout the month your fasting ritual (sweats, صوم), from dawn to sunset, sun. However, during the night, can feed without restrictions. Fasting also applies to sex. Some Muslim leaders have called the attention that it could leave the Muslim athletes at a disadvantage during the Games in the past and requested that the period of the 2012 Games was alterado.Mesmo well, the Games were to be a milestone in the history of the Olympics, since countries Islamists such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei for the first time in its history sent women to play competitions, which meant that for the first time all national Olympic committees are sending women to the Games.
London 2012 had two distinct visual identities: one for the application process created by Kino Design office and the second was that the visual identity for the duration of the Games. The latter, designed by Wolff Olins, was unveiled on 4 June 2007 and cost 400,000 pounds. The visual identity encompassing the right end is a representation of the number 2012, with the Olympic rings embedded at zero. An innovative feature is that the identity encompasses a variety of colors.
This is the first time that the same visual identity will be shared by the Olympics and Paralympics by.
London 2012 had two distinct visual identities: one for the application process created by Kino Design office and the second was that the visual identity for the duration of the Games. The latter, designed by Wolff Olins, was unveiled on 4 June 2007 and cost 400,000 pounds. The visual identity encompassing the right end is a representation of the number 2012, with the Olympic rings embedded at zero. An innovative feature is that the identity encompasses a variety of colors.
This is the first time that the same visual identity will be shared by the Olympics and Paralympics by.
Logo
Logótipo utilizado durante a candidatura
The original design had four colors: magenta, green, orange and blue. Subsequently, the logo has incorporated a variety of colors, including the British flag ceremony to promote the passage from Beijing to London. The sponsors have also incorporated the identity of the logo, with its special designs such as Lloyds TSB Bank and Adidas.
LOCOG said the new logo, an appeal to young people, but has generated much controversy. Sebastian Coe commented that the logo was constructed in a way that the organizing committee spoke to the creator "is about reaching and engaging young people, which is our challenge for the next five years." One observer, manager of an advertising firm, noted that the logo has a strong resemblance to the logo of a children's television program that was broadcast by the BBC between 1974 and 1982, called Tiswas, and further commented that with this design, the appeal for young people is difficult and you will see that young people will not be familiar with it, despite several attempts.
One of the first public reaction to the logo, just a search on the BBC website, where the public's assessment was largely negative: more than 80% of people gave the worst possible rating to the logo. Several newspapers have even proposed to make their own logos, made by showing alternative submissions from their readers. The Sun displayed a drawing of a monkey. Note that the logo has the image resembles the image of the character Lisa Simpson, others have complained that it looks like a distortion dasuástica.During the video presentation of the logo, one of the sequences of this caused seizures in a small number of people with photosensitive epilepsy. The UK charity Epilepsy Action received numerous calls from people who had had seizures after watching the sequence. In response, the sequence was cut from the video. Ken Livingstone, the then Mayor of London, said the company that made the movie, did not receive payment for what he called a "catastrophic mistake."A blogger at the BBC admitted that "the new London 2012 logo not pleased with the way that the organizers had expected." One of the company that developed the project described it as "well thought out" and anticipated that it would be "that it would become a source of pride for London and the Games."
Ceremony passage
The handover ceremony marked the moment when the previous games in Beijing 2008, handed the Olympic flag to the city of London, the new headquarters. Mayor Boris Johnsonrecebeu the flag to the mayor of Beijing Guo Jinlong, on behalf of London. The ceremony was attended by the ZooNation, urban dance group, the Royal Ballet and CanDoCo, a dance group with disabled people, all dressed as typical residents of the city of London waiting for a bus at a stop. A double-decker bus took around the stadium to music composed by Philip Sheppard eventually having multiple stops and turning into a private garden in London with well known brands such as London Bridge, the building at 30 St Mary Axe and the London Eye . Attended by Jimmy Page and Leona Lewis then performed the Led Zeppelin classic "Whole Lotta Love" eDavid Beckham kicked a football into the crowd of athletes accompanied by violinist Elspeth Hanson and cellist Kwesi Edman by.
For the London Games, the passage was also commemorated in the UK with a series of events. The transmission of the feast "The Visa London 2012 Party" on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2, the free concert on The Mall in London had 40,000 tickets available and sold. Across the UK there were big screens with the closing ceremony broadcast live from Beijing, the closing ceremony and also celebrations in local cities.
For the London Games, the passage was also commemorated in the UK with a series of events. The transmission of the feast "The Visa London 2012 Party" on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2, the free concert on The Mall in London had 40,000 tickets available and sold. Across the UK there were big screens with the closing ceremony broadcast live from Beijing, the closing ceremony and also celebrations in local cities.
Participating countries
The National Olympic Committee of the Netherlands Antilles, who planned to continue functioning after the dissolution of the country, had their membership canceled by the IOC Executive Committee at its meeting in June 2011. However, Antillean athletes who qualified for the Games, were allowed to participate independently under the Olympic flag.
On July 21, 2012, the IOC announced a special permit for the marathon South Sudanese Guor Marial compete in the Games. Guor, who lives in the United States and is a refugee, attended the event as an athlete, but independently under the Olympic flag as Olympian individual.
The program for this edition consisted of 26 sports with a total of 39 disciplines. Compared to Beijing, London had the least two sports, baseball and softball were therefore excluded from the program two days before the city was chosen as the host city. The IOC reinforced its decision to exclude the two sports during the Winter Olympics in Turin 2006, after being rejected at the last evaluation. In the same vote was decided by not filling vacancies these sports for London 2012. Later the two remaining vacancies were filled by rugby and golf, but will be filled in the next edition in 2016, in Rio de Janeiro.
Regarding the program, the following changes occurred:
-> boxing now has 13 categories (ten men) and the addition of women's boxing (three categories
-> in canoeing events occurred replacing the 500m for men for events of 200 meters. Another change in the program was the removal of category C2 500m for men and input the K1 200 meters females and thus for the first time women had two events in sports
-> the modern pentathlon had also changes its shape: the shot came to be run points
-> tennis event was the addition of mixed doubles
-> cycling continued with the same number of events, but the number of events female increased from three to five.
The program for the Games was formed by 30 of 26 sports modalities.
Regarding the program, the following changes occurred:
-> boxing now has 13 categories (ten men) and the addition of women's boxing (three categories
-> in canoeing events occurred replacing the 500m for men for events of 200 meters. Another change in the program was the removal of category C2 500m for men and input the K1 200 meters females and thus for the first time women had two events in sports
-> the modern pentathlon had also changes its shape: the shot came to be run points
-> tennis event was the addition of mixed doubles
-> cycling continued with the same number of events, but the number of events female increased from three to five.
The program for the Games was formed by 30 of 26 sports modalities.
-> The London Olympics was the first in history in which all participating countries have women in their delegations. This achievement is quite remarkable compared to the fact that, in the edition of Atlanta 1996, 26 nations have played in the event composed solely of male athletes. For Anita DeFrantz, leader in the movement for female participation and ex-rower, "Every nation among the 204 delegations have women who can go home and inspire other women out there who may consider becoming an Olympian."
-> The athlete Im Dong Hyun of South Korea beat the first edition of this record by scoring 699 points in archery, in 720 possible. As it has only 10% vision in one of the views and 20% in the other, is considered legally blind. The Olympic record 684 points, in force since Atlanta 1996.
-> An assistant referee Turkish boxing, Garip Erkuyumcu, was found dead in the hotel room I was staying in London. The referee was 73 and the cause of death is still unknown. However, first impressions point that the referee had an acute myocardial infarction.-> On July 25, the footballer from Brazil, Cristiane became the highest scorer in the history of the Olympics, scoring his 11th goal in the competition-> On July 29, Uruguay suffered their first defeat in the history of the Olympic Games, losing to Senegal by 2-0.-> Also on July 29, the Welsh footballer Ryan Giggs, holder of the British National Team, established two records: the oldest player to compete in the Olympic football tournament and the oldest to score a goal in this competition, the match against the UAE Arab.-> On July 31, the granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II, the horsewoman Zara Phillips, became the first member of the British royal family to win a medal in Olympics. She was part of the team riding from Britain who won the silver medal in eventing (CCE).<- [If! SupportLists] -> § <- [endif] -> Also on July 31, U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps broke the record that belonged to Soviet gymnast Larissa Latynina, and became if the Olympian most laureate in history, with 19 medals.
-> Also on July 31, the fencer Alaaeldin Abouelkassem of Egypt became the first African to win an Olympic medal in fencing.-> On August 1, Ruben Limardo Gascon, of Venezuela, made history by becoming the first South American fencer to win the Olympic gold medal.Also on August 1, the Brazilian players Marcelo Melo and Bruno Soares set new record for the longest match in three sets in doubles, in Olympic history: more than 4 hours. The match started on Tuesday, but had to be discontinued due to lack of natural light and was resumed the next day.
-> The athlete Im Dong Hyun of South Korea beat the first edition of this record by scoring 699 points in archery, in 720 possible. As it has only 10% vision in one of the views and 20% in the other, is considered legally blind. The Olympic record 684 points, in force since Atlanta 1996.
-> An assistant referee Turkish boxing, Garip Erkuyumcu, was found dead in the hotel room I was staying in London. The referee was 73 and the cause of death is still unknown. However, first impressions point that the referee had an acute myocardial infarction.-> On July 25, the footballer from Brazil, Cristiane became the highest scorer in the history of the Olympics, scoring his 11th goal in the competition-> On July 29, Uruguay suffered their first defeat in the history of the Olympic Games, losing to Senegal by 2-0.-> Also on July 29, the Welsh footballer Ryan Giggs, holder of the British National Team, established two records: the oldest player to compete in the Olympic football tournament and the oldest to score a goal in this competition, the match against the UAE Arab.-> On July 31, the granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II, the horsewoman Zara Phillips, became the first member of the British royal family to win a medal in Olympics. She was part of the team riding from Britain who won the silver medal in eventing (CCE).<- [If! SupportLists] -> § <- [endif] -> Also on July 31, U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps broke the record that belonged to Soviet gymnast Larissa Latynina, and became if the Olympian most laureate in history, with 19 medals.
-> Also on July 31, the fencer Alaaeldin Abouelkassem of Egypt became the first African to win an Olympic medal in fencing.-> On August 1, Ruben Limardo Gascon, of Venezuela, made history by becoming the first South American fencer to win the Olympic gold medal.Also on August 1, the Brazilian players Marcelo Melo and Bruno Soares set new record for the longest match in three sets in doubles, in Olympic history: more than 4 hours. The match started on Tuesday, but had to be discontinued due to lack of natural light and was resumed the next day.
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